A **Constitutional Court** is a specialized judicial body with exclusive authority to interpret and enforce a country's constitution. Its core function is to determine the constitutionality of laws, executive actions, and amendments, ensuring that all government actions comply with constitutional principles[1][7]. These courts protect constitutional rights, settle disputes involving the constitution, and uphold the rule of law by providing an impartial forum for constitutional adjudication[1][3]. The history of constitutional courts dates back to the early 20th century in Europe, with modern forms evolving to address the need for judicial review of legislative and executive powers. The United States Supreme Court, established under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, is a prominent example, serving as the highest tribunal for constitutional matters and influencing global judicial systems with its long-standing authority and landmark decisions[4][6]. Many countries have since established constitutional courts or councils, each with jurisdiction tailored to their legal and political contexts. Key achievements of constitutional courts include safeguarding democracy by reviewing legislation before or after enactment, adjudicating disputes between state entities, overseeing election legality, and sometimes presiding over impeachment proceedings[1]. For example, the South African Constitutional Court is the apex court for constitutional issues, playing a vital role in interpreting and protecting the nation's constitution since its post-apartheid establishment[2]. Hungarian and Italian constitutional courts have innovated by imposing deadlines for legislative compliance or modifying statutes to align with constitutional norms[1]. Currently, constitutional courts worldwide operate as guardians of constitutionalism, balancing majority rule with protecting individual rights and social consensus. They employ various mechanisms for case referral—individual petitions, judicial references, or governmental requests—reflecting their integration within broader judicial and political systems[1][5]. Their role is particularly notable in business and technology sectors, where constitutional oversight can influence regulation, privacy rights, and digital governance frameworks, underscoring their ongoing relevance in contemporary governance and legal innovation.